I'm not sure what blog software you use, but a lot can handle new posts through email. There's also a lot of blog editors out there that can be used to create and upload posts.
The one I use now is a Firefox extension called Performancing. If your client uses Firefox. One that doesn't require Firefox is Zoundry. I haven't used it myself, but it looks pretty good and it is free.
If your client just needs something so they could ftp the files then I'd recomment Filezilla. It's your basic FTP client and is also free and pretty easy to use.
basiclay, i need to create a webpage that the client can log into, type what they want, click a send button, and have the text displayed on their site.
Any content management software will do, but a blog might be the easiest and like ermau I'll recommend WordPress. It's very easy to install. I installed a version for a client earlier this week in about 5 minutes. You can create static pages with it too or use it like the typical blog.
To add new content your client will just log in and go to the appropriate page in the admin interface to write a new page or post and then just type. They won't need any code at all. They can also post to WordPress through email or with the editor I mentioned above.