i've created a makefile and solve all the error. but when i execute 'make' again, a statment "*** commands commence before first target. Stop." occured. may i know what it means?

make thinks you left out a target

probably just need to check your tabs

where do i check for the tabs? because i just check and i can't see any extra spaces.. is it ok if i post up my code here and you check it for me?

try to extract the fragment that causes the error and post that

INCLUDER|DIRS = \
-I/usr/include/gtkmm-2.4\
-I/usr/include/gtk-2.0/gtk\ (this is the error line)
-I/home/manet/cairomm-1.2.0/cairomm\

the error is "*** commands commence before first target. Stop."

Hard to tell without formatting but, I'm going to guess that you need a space between items.

INCLUDER|DIRS = \
-I/usr/include/gtkmm-2.4 \
-I/usr/include/gtk-2.0/gtk \
-I/home/manet/cairomm-1.2.0/cairomm \

the same error occur.

let me show u my files, maybe i format the makefile in a wrong way.

main.cc
#include "myarea.h"
#include <gtkmm/main.h>
#include <gtkmm/window.h>
int main (int argc, char** argv)
{
Gtk::Main kit (argc, argv);

Gtk::Window win;
win.set_title("DrawingArea");
MyArea area;
win.add(area);
area.show();

Gtk::Main::run(win);
return 0;
}

myarea.cc
#include "myarea.h"
#include <cairomm/context.h>

MyArea::MyArea()
{
}
MyArea::~MyArea()
{
}
bool MyArea:n_expose_event (GdkEventExpose* event)
{
// This is where we draw on the window
Glib::RefPtr<Gdk::Window> window = get_window();
if(window)
{
Gtk::Allocation allocation = get_allocation();
const int width = allocation.get_width();
const int height = allocation.get_height();
// coordinates for the center of the window
int xc,yc;
xc = width / 2;
yc = height / 2;
Cairo::RefPtr<Cairo::Context> cr = window->create_cairo_context();
cr->set_line_width(10.0);
// clip to the area indicated by the expose event so that we only redraw
// the portion of the window that needs to be redrawn
cr->rectangle(event->area.x, event->area.y, event->area.width, event->area.height);

cr->clip();
//draw blue lines out from the center of the window
cr->set_source_rgb(0.0 , 0.0 , 0.5);
cr->move_to(0, 0);
cr->line_to(xc, yc);
cr->line_to(0, height);
cr->move_to(xc, yc);
cr->line_to(width, yc);
cr->stroke();
}
return true;
}

myarea.h
#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLE_MYAREA_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLE_MYAREA_H

#include <gtkmm/drawingarea.h>
class MyArea : public Gtk:rawingArea
{
public:
MyArea();
virtual ~MyArea();
protected:
//Override default signal handler:
virtual bool on_expose_event(GdkEventExpose* event);
};
#endif // GTKMM_EXAMPLE_MYAREA_H


makefile
SHELL = home/manet/desktop


SOURCES = main.cc myarea.cc
OBJECTS = main.o myarea.o
CFLAGS = $(INCLUDEDIRS)
CC= g++
INCLUDE = \
-I/usr/include/gtkmm-2.4
#-I/usr/include/gtk-2.0/gtk
#-I/home/manet/cairomm-1.2.0/cairomm
LIB = #\
-L/usr/lib
#-L/home/manet
#lines = main.o myarea.o
#lines : $(lines)
# cc $(lines) -o lines
#main.o: myarea.h
#myarea.o : myarea.h
lines: ${OBJ}
${CXX} ${CFLAGS} ${INCLUDES} -o $@ ${OBJS} ${LIBS}
clean:
-rm -f *.o core *.core
.cc.o:
${CXX} ${CFLAGS} ${INCLUDES} -c $<

Make is pretty sensitive to whitespace, so it's hard to tell from your post, could wrap it in [code ]code here[/code ] tags?